Discover the unique beauty of Euphorbia lactea, a striking succulent with intricate patterns and hues. Acquire expert insights from green thumb guru Rachel Garcia on how to nurture and cultivate this exceptional plant.
Featuring candelabra-like arms and a slender, towering stem, Euphorbia lactea’s quirky appearance brings a whimsical touch to any garden. Its quirky silhouette, reminiscent of a child’s drawing, sets it apart from other plants.
Adorned with petite but sharp spines along its edges and green with white streaks, Euphorbia lactea, also known as mottled spurge, exudes a captivating charm. Despite its cactus-like appearance, this shrub distinguishes itself with its sap production and lack of showy blooms.
Originally hailing from tropical regions like India and Sri Lanka, Euphorbia lactea thrives under specific care conditions. While it poses toxicity risks and demands particular watering routines, once acclimated, it requires minimal intervention—ideal for gardeners seeking low-maintenance yet visually appealing flora.
Insight Into Euphorbia Lactea
Type of Plant
Succulent
Family
Euphorbiaceae
Genus
Euphorbia
Species
Euphorbia lactea
Light Exposure
Full sun to partial shade
Height
2′-15′
Watering Needs
Low
Maintenance Low
Soil Type Sandy, well-draining
Introducing Euphorbia Lactea
Euphorbia Lactea can grow up to 15 feet tall under the right conditions.
Known as candelabra cactus or dragon bones, Euphorbia Lactea can reach impressive heights up to 15 feet, depending on its environment. In indoor pots, it typically reaches a maximum height of two feet. Left in outdoor soil without constraints, it has the potential to grow significantly taller.
Spring and summer are the seasons of most significant growth for this plant. In USDA Zones 10-11, it thrives outdoors throughout the year and is often used in these regions as a natural fence or hedge. Euphorbia Lactea also adapts well as a lovely houseplant, easily relocating indoors based on weather conditions.
Euphorbia Lactea flowers infrequently, typically occurring in the wild. Its small yellow-tinged flowers usually grow at the plant’s periphery. While the plant may develop tiny teardrop leaves on the stem tips, they tend to drop off quite swiftly.
Caution is advised when handling Euphorbia Lactea due to its toxicity, which extends from the roots to the sap. The plant’s latex sap can irritate the skin and is harmful if ingested. It’s essential to wear gloves while tending to or moving this plant, especially if there are pets or children around.
Some variants, such as Euphorbia Lactea ‘Cristata,’ are often grafted onto other plants due to poor root development. The most common host plant for this procedure is Euphorbia Nerifolia, resulting in a combined plant known as the “coral cactus,” humorously dubbed the “Frankenstein cactus.”
Varieties of Euphorbia Lactea
There are several intriguing cultivars of Euphorbia Lactea worth exploring.
Euphorbia Lactea var. Cristata
The Crested Euphorbia displays a unique wavy, fan-like shape.
Euphorbia Lactea var. Cristata notably alters the appearance of the plant, featuring wavy paddles that create a fuller silhouette compared to its sparse original form, with the stem edges forming an elegant S-shape.
Variegated Euphorbia Lactea
The Variegated Euphorbia typically displays vibrant colors on the ‘crested’ variety, such as yellow, pink, or violet.
Euphorbia with variegated patterns are often seen on crested varieties, boasting hues of yellow, pink, or violet, making them sensitive to intense sunlight and higher temperatures.
Euphorbia lactea ‘White Ghost’
The “White Ghost” variety is common among non-crested types.
The ‘White Ghost’ variant of Euphorbia is notable for its white variegation, often observed in non-crested growth patterns. Due to its light coloration, this plant is particularly prone to sun damage and requires careful upkeep.
Planting
Similar to most succulents, Euphorbia lactea requires well-draining containers and suitable succulent soil.
Euphorbia lactea thrives in warm climates with proper drainage. When opting for ground planting, choose a sunny location receiving a minimum of six hours of sunlight daily. Opt for sandy or gravelly soil to ensure adequate drainage.
Begin by digging a hole slightly larger than the plant’s root ball. Ensure the plant sits level with the soil surface, backfill, and gently firm the soil around the roots. Water minimally post-planting, letting the soil dry out fully between watering sessions.
When planting Euphorbia lactea in a pot, select a container with drainage holes, and use a cactus or succulent potting mix for optimal growth. Center the plant in the pot, fill with potting mix, and firmly press around the base. Place the pot in a spot with indirect sunlight, and rotate occasionally for uniform growth.
How to Grow
Euphorbia lactea boasts specific watering requirements but is generally low-maintenance. Here’s a comprehensive guide for successful growth.
Light
Some varieties may suffer from sunburn if exposed to direct sunlight.
If you’re caring for the mottled spurge, it thrives best in full to partial sun, but caution is advised in direct sunlight. Exposure to intense light and heat during summer can lead to sunburn. Furthermore, rapid exposure to bright light can cause burning as well.
When relocating your mottled spurge, it’s important to do so gradually to allow it to acclimate.
Water
Allow your Euphorbia lacteas to completely dry out between waterings.
For watering, ensure the soil is thoroughly soaked until water seeps through the drainage holes. Allow the soil to dry out completely before the next watering session.
Throughout the summer, water your Euphorbia lactea at least once per week. Reduce watering significantly during winter and adjust based on soil moisture, sometimes watering just once or not at all during this period.
Due to its varying water requirements, understanding the signs your false cactus displays when needing more or less water is crucial. Symptoms of overwatering include yellowing, browning, and mushiness, while underwatering may lead to wrinkling and wilting. It is more resilient to being underwatered than overwatered.
Soil
Various cactus or succulent soils are available to choose from.
The soil requirements for Euphorbia lactea are similar to other succulents and cacti. It needs well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging, which is essential for its survival.
There are several ready-made succulent and cactus soils available. You can also create your own well-draining soil mix if preferred. Check the soil’s drainage regularly after planting and adjust as required.
Temperature & Humidity
Shield your Euphorbia lactea plants from temperatures below 40°F.
Euphorbia lactea is sensitive to frost and cannot withstand temperatures below 40°F (4°C). Thriving in warmer climates due to its tropical origin, it is advisable to avoid exposing it to lower temperatures to ensure its well-being as it copes well with humidity.
Fertilizing
Opt for diluted fertilizer to avoid ‘burning’ the roots of your mottled spurge.
During the growing seasons of spring to fall, apply a half-strength fertilizer to your mottled spurge every month to provide it with a growth boost. Choosing fertilizers with low nitrogen content will yield the best outcomes. Refrain from fertilizing in the winter, which is the dormant phase for many succulent species.
Given the vulnerability of mottled spurge roots to fertilizer burn, it is crucial to dilute your liquid fertilizer to half or quarter strength before application, preferably before watering.
Maintenance
Upon purchase, transfer your Euphorbia lactea to a container at least two inches larger than its original one.
When acquiring your euphorbia, it typically arrives in a small container with standard garden soil. Repot it into a larger container with improved drainage for its overall health and growth.
Select a container that is about two inches larger in diameter and sufficiently weighty to prevent it from toppling over due to its height. Dragon bones, despite being tall, have relatively small roots, reducing the likelihood of becoming rootbound.
During the repotting process, gently untangle any clumped roots and replant the dragon bones in dry cactus soil to ensure proper growth. Refrain from watering for a couple of weeks to allow the roots to recuperate from any damage.
Given the plant’s spiky nature and the presence of toxic sap, prioritize safety during repotting by wearing protective gear such as gloves, long sleeves, and goggles, especially when handling larger Euphorbia lactea plants or those with closely growing stems.
Propagation
The standard Euphorbia lactea variety can be easily propagated through cuttings.
For successful propagation through cuttings, it is recommended to focus on the method that offers the best chances of growth and development.The undemanding Euphorbia lactea is easily propagated by grafting due to the challenges in rooting the crested and variegated variations. Remember to shield yourself before diving into this process.
Harvest your cutting in the peak growth period of spring or summer for your mottled spurge. With a sharp, sterilized knife, sever one of the arms at its connection to the stem. If sap oozes out, rinse it off with cold water.
Allow the cutting to air dry for one to two weeks until a callus forms over the wound. Once calloused, plant the cutting upright in the soil. Water the soil lightly or leave it dry until roots develop.
For optimal root growth, position the Euphorbia lactea in a warm environment such as outside or on a heat mat.
Grafting A Frankenstein Cactus
The ‘crested’ and ‘variegated’ varieties need grafting onto a Euphorbia neriifolia.
Creating a coral cactus from your Euphorbia lactea involves grafting it to a Euphorbia neriifolia. Follow these steps:
– Select young and healthy cuttings of E. lactea and E. neriifolia that fit together well.
– Carve a V shape in the E. neriifolia, removing the upper portion to form the plant’s base.
– Cut a corresponding V in the E. lactea for a precise fit.
– Join the two V cuts, with E. lactea on top, ensuring no gaps exist to prevent rot.
– Seal the V incision with grafting wax.
– Secure the entire graft with twine.
– Allow 2-3 weeks for healing.
– Remove the twine to reveal your new Frankenstein cactus!
Common Problems
Despite the sap’s pest-repellent properties, every plant, like the false cactus, has vulnerabilities worth noting.
Unwanted Stems
Maintain your succulent’s health by trimming any dead or weak stems.
If your E. lactea is grafted onto another plant, the base plant may produce unwanted stems around the euphorbia. You can let them grow or trim back the undesirable shoots for a neater appearance.
Pests
Mealybugs are attracted to the sap produced by your Euphorbia lactea.
Mealybugs are persistent pests attracted to succulent sap. These small insects create white nests and can cause discoloration, wilting, and plant demise.
To eliminate mealybugs, gently dab them with a cotton swab soaked in diluted rubbing alcohol. Avoid using insecticidal soap on Euphorbia lactea as it could harm the plant.
Furthermore, spider mites might infest your mottled spurge. These minuscule arachnids pose a threat to the plant’s health.
Pest Control
There are tiny pests that create small webs on plants. One effective method to deal with them is by washing them away with a strong spray of water. Alternatively, you can apply a thoroughly diluted neem oil solution to the affected stems.
Diseases
Water and baking soda can help combat powdery mildew.
Powdery mildew, appearing as white mold, tends to thrive in environments with poor air circulation and high humidity. It is crucial to address this disease early to prevent further spread.
To effectively remove powdery mildew without harming your plant, consider washing it with a baking soda solution. Mix one tablespoon of baking soda into a gallon of water for an efficient mildew treatment.
The most common issue for succulent-like plants is root rot, which typically stems from excessive moisture due to overwatering or inadequate drainage. Rotted sections will exhibit a brownish-black and mushy texture.
Upon detecting any signs of rot, immediate action is necessary as the entire plant could perish if left unattended. Extract the plant from its container for a thorough examination, removing any rotted parts carefully. Allow the plant to dry out of the soil for several days until the wounds have healed before repotting it in fresh soil.
Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I get Euphorbia latex on my skin?
Handling Euphorbia latex can be hazardous. If it gets on your skin, wash it off immediately as it can cause irritation. Ensure thorough removal as it dries like clear glue. In case of contact with eyes, seek immediate medical assistance to avoid potential risks such as blindness. It is advisable to wear gloves for protection.
Why do some branches of my crested Euphorbia lactea grow straight?
It is common for crested Euphorbia plants to revert to their original form for reasons yet unknown. If the appearance of straight branches is not desirable, pruning them back is a recommended solution.
Final Thoughts
The unique and extraterrestrial appearance of Euphorbia plants makes them a fascinating addition to any succulent collection. While caution is advised during handling, these plants generally encounter minimal issues when properly cared for.
James is an environmental gardener and passionate writer who holds a master's degree in agriculture. He graduated from Harvard University with a degree in environmental horticulture and has a particular interest in soil composition. Currently, James works as a researcher in plant research, where he continues to explore and advance knowledge in his field. His combined expertise in environmental gardening and soil science helps him contribute valuable insights to both academic and practical gardening communities.
James is an environmental gardener and passionate writer who holds a master's degree in agriculture. He graduated from Harvard University with a degree in environmental horticulture and has a particular interest in soil composition. Currently, James works as a researcher in plant research, where he continues to explore and advance knowledge in his field. His combined expertise in environmental gardening and soil science helps him contribute valuable insights to both academic and practical gardening communities.
